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Self-regulating mechanisms of photosynthetic systems
Semerák, Matěj ; Mančal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Photosynthesis, a process utilising energy of arriving photons for driving electron transport chain creating transmembrane pH gradient, is a widespread way of subsistence in the nature. However, the intensity of sunlight can exceed the rate which the organisms are able to manage by their gadgetry. In this situation, essential protective mechanisms, safely draining the excess energy away, take a turn. Many theories about the principle and regulation of these functions have been developed and new still arise. It appears that the attention focuses mainly on the antenna complex LHCII. It is possible to state that with high probability, the protective processes are assured by several mechanisms, and quite a stable opinion prevails that crucial role in their activation is played by decreasing pH. That is logical since the more photons come, the more intensively the transport of protons across the membrane happens, thus ΔpH reflects the balance between ATP usage and the membrane apparatus illumination. Generally, the phenomenon is called NPQ (non-photochemical quenching), because it weakens the chlorophyll fluorescence. An important task is probably handled by carotenoids, mainly zeaxanthin, created by violaxanthin deepoxidase at low pH; it provides chlorophylls with energetical trap during excitation...
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Functions of secondary metabolites of lichens
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Bouda, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of available literature about lichen secondary metabolites and their functions. Lichens produce a great variety of these compounds; most of them are unique to the lichen symbiosis and are not found in higher plants. Besides the role of these compounds in chemotaxonomy and systematics, lichen secondary metabolites exhibit various biological functions and can affect biotic and abiotic interactions of lichens with their environment. Well-known and often described functions of lichen substances include especially antimicrobial, antiherbivory and antioxidant activity, allelopathy, metal homeostasis and photoprotection. This thesis is focused on these functions and summarizes current knowledge in this area. Key words: lichen, secondary metabolites, allelopathy, antimicrobial activity, herbivory, antioxidant activity, photoprotection, metal homeostasis, pollution tolerance, literary review
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Photoprotection in patients after kidney transplantation
Hajšelová, Zuzana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Eliška (referee)
Photoprotection in Patients after Kidney Transplantation Author: Zuzana Hajšelová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, PhD. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Patients after kidney transplantation (KT) are in a higher risk of developing skin cancer as a result of lifelong immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. Thorough photoprotection is therefore recommended. The aim of this study was to determine patients' awareness and level of photoprotection and to analyse selected risk factors for skin cancer development in patients after KT. Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken from 15th April to 31st December 2019 at the Haemodialysis Centre in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. Patients included in this study were above 18 years old, who visited Haemodialysis Centre in the defined period. The data was collected from the patients' medical documentation (e.g. occurrence of skin cancer and skin cancer type, current IS) and from the written version of questionnaires (e.g. phototype, sun exposure, photoprotection). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 410 KT patients in regular care of the Haemodialysis Centre, 361 fulfilled the questionnaire (88.0...
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Photoprotection in patients after kidney transplantation
Hajšelová, Zuzana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Eliška (referee)
Photoprotection in Patients after Kidney Transplantation Author: Zuzana Hajšelová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, PhD. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Patients after kidney transplantation (KT) are in a higher risk of developing skin cancer as a result of lifelong immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. Thorough photoprotection is therefore recommended. The aim of this study was to determine patients' awareness and level of photoprotection and to analyse selected risk factors for skin cancer development in patients after KT. Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken from 15th April to 31st December 2019 at the Haemodialysis Centre in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. Patients included in this study were above 18 years old, who visited Haemodialysis Centre in the defined period. The data was collected from the patients' medical documentation (e.g. occurrence of skin cancer and skin cancer type, current IS) and from the written version of questionnaires (e.g. phototype, sun exposure, photoprotection). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 410 KT patients in regular care of the Haemodialysis Centre, 361 fulfilled the questionnaire (88.0...
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Photoprotection in patients after kidney transplantation
Hajšelová, Zuzana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Eliška (referee)
Photoprotection in Patients after Kidney Transplantation Author: Zuzana Hajšelová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, PhD. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Vaňková Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Patients after kidney transplantation (KT) are in a higher risk of developing skin cancer as a result of lifelong immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. Thorough photoprotection is therefore recommended. The aim of this study was to determine patients' awareness and level of photoprotection and to analyse selected risk factors for skin cancer development in patients after KT. Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken from 15th April to 31st December 2019 at the Haemodialysis Centre in the Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. Patients included in this study were above 18 years old, who visited Haemodialysis Centre in the defined period. The data was collected from the patients' medical documentation (e.g. occurrence of skin cancer and skin cancer type, current IS) and from the written version of questionnaires (e.g. phototype, sun exposure, photoprotection). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 410 KT patients in regular care of the Haemodialysis Centre, 361 fulfilled the questionnaire (88.0...
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Functions of secondary metabolites of lichens
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Bouda, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of available literature about lichen secondary metabolites and their functions. Lichens produce a great variety of these compounds; most of them are unique to the lichen symbiosis and are not found in higher plants. Besides the role of these compounds in chemotaxonomy and systematics, lichen secondary metabolites exhibit various biological functions and can affect biotic and abiotic interactions of lichens with their environment. Well-known and often described functions of lichen substances include especially antimicrobial, antiherbivory and antioxidant activity, allelopathy, metal homeostasis and photoprotection. This thesis is focused on these functions and summarizes current knowledge in this area. Key words: lichen, secondary metabolites, allelopathy, antimicrobial activity, herbivory, antioxidant activity, photoprotection, metal homeostasis, pollution tolerance, literary review
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Self-regulating mechanisms of photosynthetic systems
Semerák, Matěj ; Mančal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Photosynthesis, a process utilising energy of arriving photons for driving electron transport chain creating transmembrane pH gradient, is a widespread way of subsistence in the nature. However, the intensity of sunlight can exceed the rate which the organisms are able to manage by their gadgetry. In this situation, essential protective mechanisms, safely draining the excess energy away, take a turn. Many theories about the principle and regulation of these functions have been developed and new still arise. It appears that the attention focuses mainly on the antenna complex LHCII. It is possible to state that with high probability, the protective processes are assured by several mechanisms, and quite a stable opinion prevails that crucial role in their activation is played by decreasing pH. That is logical since the more photons come, the more intensively the transport of protons across the membrane happens, thus ΔpH reflects the balance between ATP usage and the membrane apparatus illumination. Generally, the phenomenon is called NPQ (non-photochemical quenching), because it weakens the chlorophyll fluorescence. An important task is probably handled by carotenoids, mainly zeaxanthin, created by violaxanthin deepoxidase at low pH; it provides chlorophylls with energetical trap during excitation...
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Mechanism of photoprotection in photosynthetic proteins
KUTHANOVÁ, Eliška
Nonphotochemical quenching is an important protective mechanism of photosynthetic proteins against excessive irradiation. In this work, isolation of native light harvesting antennae from alga Chromera velia was optimized using methods of sucrose density centrifugation, isoelectric focusing, ion exchange chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the ability of light harvesting antennae to trigger nonphotochemical quenching was studied in vivo and in vitro.
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General public knowledge of health awareness that too much exposure to sunlight and solarium increases the casuality rate of skin melanoma
KODETOVÁ, Věra
Harmfulness of sunrays and solariums has become a very topical problem in the recent time. Excess exposure of skin to sunlight causes premature ageing of skin, creation of deep wrinkles and geriatric stains and is especially accompanied with creation of malignant melanoma. However, people don{\crq}t take this warning seriously. A big part of them still thinks that sun exposure (and sunbathing especially) is healthy and that sunburnt body is a sign of beauty and an expression of fitness. Only the awareness of the real danger and change in bad habits in the form of adequate protection against UV radiation can prevent big damages in the near future. The number of malignant melanoma skin disorders is rising every year. The number of diagnosed melanomas in the Czech Republic has increased four times over the last years. The aim of my work is to find out, how well the public is informed about the harmfulness of sunlight and solarium and how people protects themselves against the harmful effects of UV radiation. I collected the data by the query method in the form of questionnaire filled in by students and employees of a secondary vocational school, students of a vocational college and patients of a dermatology ambulance on random screens. In total, 201 question-forms were evaluated. I assumed four hypotheses, all of which have been proved. The public is adequately informed about the harmfulness of UV radiation. In most cases, people protect themselves against the effects of sunlight using creams with protective factor and sunglasses with UV filter. My assumption that women between the ages of 20 and 40 sunbath in the sun or in a solarium for cosmetic reasons has also been proved. The inadequate awareness of preventive programmes and practises which lead to early detection of skin tumours is, however, alerting. I chose this topic because of my experience from a dermatology ambulance where I work and often meet the harmful effects of UV radiation on human skin. I will use the results of my work to educate patients about the harmful effects of UV radiation. I will especially stress the education about self-investigation of skin and about Euromelanoma day programme, which serves to early diagnose of skin tumour. As I have found out, the public lacks this information. The fact that only early detected tumour is curable is important.
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